Bank of England holds rates steady, with a further 2025 cut hanging in the balance

The Bank of England voted to keep interest rates on hold on Thursday, as it weighs up sticky U.K. inflation with an uncertain growth outlook and jobs market.

The monetary policy committee (MPC) voted by 7-2 to keep rates steady at 4%. The central bank last trimmed the key interest rate by 25 basis points in August.

While economists did not expect a September rate cut, they were eager to see the vote split and forward guidance from the central bank for clues on what the MPC might do at its next meeting in November.

"The prospect of a November cut hangs in the balance, and this meeting will be heavily scrutinised for hints on whether officials are still considering further easing this year," economists at ING said in a note ahead of the decision.

The latest MPC decision comes a day after U.K. inflation data showed there was no change in the rate of price rises in August, with the consumer price index remaining at 3.8%.

August core inflation, which excludes more volatile energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices, climbed by an annual 3.6%, compared with 3.8% in the twelve months to July. The annual rate of services inflation slowed from 5% in July to 4.7% in August.

The BOE has forecast that inflation could peak at 4% in September, double its 2% target, before retreating in the early half of 2026.

As it executed its previous interest rate cut in August, the central bank repeated its mantra that it would take a "gradual and careful" approach to monetary easing, mindful of inflationary pressures but aware of the need to promote growth and investment.

The latest monthly growth data showed there was zero growth in July, compared with the previous month, spurring concerns that a slowdown was setting in. The BOE is also mindful of a cooling jobs market and slowing wage growth, which will ease inflationary pressures and could fuel the argument for a further rate cut in coming months.

There's widespread uncertainty over the government's Nov. 26 Autumn Budget, during which Finance Minister Rachel Reeves is likely to announce a raft of tax rises to eradicate a budget shortfall as she looks to balance the books and reduce borrowing. The BOE's November meeting — penciled in on Nov.6 — comes just before the budget is announced.

Economists say the BOE will want to see more evidence that services and core inflation are on a downward path before easing further.

"The good news is that August inflation data has corrected some of the upside surprise we saw last month. The bad news is that CPI has maybe a little further to go before hitting its peak," Sanjay Raja, chief U.K. economist at Deutsche Bank, commented Wednesday. 

Raja noted that, while there were some encouraging bits of information in the latest inflation report, "we will need to see more of this for the Bank of England to cut Bank Rate again."

Deutsche Bank expects to see a slightly longer pause when it comes to the BOE's next rate move.

"For us, the MPC may want to wait for a larger accumulation of evidence before dialling down restrictive policy again. Seeing the downtrend in CPI begin could assuage fears on the committee that the hump in inflation is not turning into a plateau."

Cutting interest rates prematurely could reignite price pressures just as expectations are stabilizing, Nabil Taleb, economist at PwC, said in a note out Wednesday:

"As a result, the Bank is likely to remain cautious: weighing weak growth and a loosening labour market against the need to anchor inflation expectations, with any cuts signalled as gradual adjustments rather than a rapid shift toward stimulus."